myeloid cells 2  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Alzheimer's & Dementia

Article Title: Sex and life experience shape locus coeruleus pretangle tau pathology

doi: 10.1002/alz.71285

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reduced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the hippocampus of htauE14 rats and increased Brain‐Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) expression following early enrichment. (A) Relative optical density (ROD) of TH expression across different groups. N = 4F/4M (cGFP), 6F/4M (cE14), 4F/2M (eSTR.E14), 3F/3M (eER.E14), 5F/3M (lSTR.E14), and 5F/1M (lER.E14). (B) ROD of BDNF expression, showing increased levels with early enrichment. N = 5F/5M (cGFP), 6F/6M (cE14), 6F/2M (eSTR.E14), 4F/4M (eER.E14), 6F/4M (lSTR.E14), and 6F/2M (lER.E14). (C) ROD of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression across groups. N = 5F/5M (cGFP), 6F/6M (cE14), 6F/2M (eSTR.E14), 4F/4M (eER.E14), 6F/4M (lSTR.E14), and 6F/2M (lER.E14). (D) ROD of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) expression across groups. N = 5F/5M (cGFP), 6F/6M (cE14), 6F/2M (eSTR.E14), 4F/3M (eER.E14), 6F/4M (lSTR.E14), and 5F/2M (lER.E14). (E) ROD of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression across groups. N = 4F/5M (cGFP), 6F/5M (cE14), 5F/2M (eSTR.E14), 3F/4M (eER.E14), 6F/3M (lSTR.E14), and 5F/2M (lER.E14). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Membranes were stained with Ponceau S, blocked, and incubated with primary antibodies against brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (1:2000; Abcam, ab108319), glucocorticoid receptor (GR; 1:2000; Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA1‐510), Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2; 1:5000; R&D Systems; AF1729), TH (1:5000; Millipore Sigma, MAB318), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα; 1:2000; Abcam, ab6671), DBH (1:2000; EMD Millipore, MAB508), s262 ptau (1:2000; Abcam, ab92627), T22 (1:2000; Millipore Sigma, ABN454) and Tau5 (1:3000, Millipore, 577801) followed by HRP‐conjugated secondary antibodies.

Techniques: Expressing, Derivative Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: Associations of serum sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 with mortality and neurological prognosis in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest: a machine learning-based approach

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1717571

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum levels of sTREM-1 (A) , sTREM-2 (B) , sTLR-4 (C) , MMP-9 (D) , NSE (E) , TNF- α (F) , IL-6 (G) , IL-10 (H) , and HMGB1 (I) in cardiac arrest patients. * p < 0.05 compared with healthy volunteers; # p < 0.05 compared with survivors. HMGB1, high mobility group protein 1; IL-6, Interleukin-6; IL-10, Interleukin-10; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; ROSC, restoration of spontaneous circulation; sTREM-1, soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 1; sTREM-2, soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2; sTLR-4, soluble toll-like receptor 4; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.

Article Snippet: We aimed to determine the predictive values of serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 and 2 (sTREM-1 and sTREM-2) in patients after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and to develop machine learning (ML) prediction models.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: Associations of serum sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 with mortality and neurological prognosis in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest: a machine learning-based approach

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1717571

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmaps of correlation of serum sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 with other variables in cardiac arrest patients. APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; HMGB1, high mobility group protein 1; IL-6, Interleukin-6; IL-10, Interleukin-10; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; sTREM-1, soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 1; sTREM-2, soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2; sTLR-4, soluble toll-like receptor 4; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.

Article Snippet: We aimed to determine the predictive values of serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 and 2 (sTREM-1 and sTREM-2) in patients after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and to develop machine learning (ML) prediction models.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: Associations of serum sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 with mortality and neurological prognosis in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest: a machine learning-based approach

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1717571

Figure Lengend Snippet: Predictive performance and comparison of eight models, SOFA score, APACHE II Score, sTREM-1, and sTREM-2 for 28-day all-cause mortality (A,B,E,F) and 3-month neurological prognosis (C,D,G,H) . (A,C) The training set ROC curve; (B,D) The test set ROC curve; (E,G) Evaluation metrics for the training set; (F,H) Evaluation metrics for the test set. AUC, area under the curve; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; DT, Decision Tree; GNB, Gaussian Naive Bayes; KNN, K-Nearest Neighbor; LGB/LightGBM, Light Gradient Boosting Machine; LR, Logistic Regression; RF, Random Forest; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SVM, Support Vector Machine; sTREM-1, soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 1; sTREM-2, soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2; XGB/XGBoost, eXtreme Gradient Boosting.

Article Snippet: We aimed to determine the predictive values of serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 and 2 (sTREM-1 and sTREM-2) in patients after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and to develop machine learning (ML) prediction models.

Techniques: Comparison, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: Associations of serum sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 with mortality and neurological prognosis in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest: a machine learning-based approach

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1717571

Figure Lengend Snippet: Global model explanation by the SHAP method of XGBoost (A–C) and RF (D–F) prediction models. (A,D) Importance score ranking of the model characteristics; (B,E) SHAP summary dot plot; (C,F) SHAP dependence plot. CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CRP, C-reactive protein; hs-TnI, High sensitivity troponin I; IL-6, Interleukin-6; IL-10, Interleukin-10; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; RF, Random Forest; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SHAP, Shapley Additive explanation; sTREM-1, soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 1; sTREM-2, soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2; WBC, White blood cell; XGBoost, eXtreme Gradient Boosting.

Article Snippet: We aimed to determine the predictive values of serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 and 2 (sTREM-1 and sTREM-2) in patients after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and to develop machine learning (ML) prediction models.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: Associations of serum sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 with mortality and neurological prognosis in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest: a machine learning-based approach

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1717571

Figure Lengend Snippet: Local model explanation by the SHAP method of XGBoost (A,B) and RF (C,D) prediction models. Waterfall plot and evolution of risks contributed for individual patient at high (A,C) or low (B,D) risk of 28-day all-cause mortality (A,B) and 3-month poor neurological prognosis (C,D) . CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CRP, C-reactive protein; hs-TnI, High sensitivity troponin I; IL-6, Interleukin-6; IL-10, Interleukin-10; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; RF, Random Forest; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SHAP, Shapley Additive explanation; sTREM-1, soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 1; sTREM-2, soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2; WBC, White blood cell; XGBoost, eXtreme Gradient Boosting.

Article Snippet: We aimed to determine the predictive values of serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 and 2 (sTREM-1 and sTREM-2) in patients after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and to develop machine learning (ML) prediction models.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Aging Inhibits Emergency Angiogenesis and Exacerbates Neuronal Damage by Downregulating DARS2

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S527147

Figure Lengend Snippet: During acute ischemic stroke in old mice, compensatory neovascularization markers are reduced, serum stimulation of angiogenesis is weakened, and polarization of M1-like microglia is increased. ( A ) The ability of peripheral blood to stimulate angiogenesis in mice after 24 hours of MCAO was detected using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. ( B ) Immunohistochemical detection of relative expression and quantitative data of VEGFA in the brain after 24 hours of MCAO in mice. ( C–J ) The relative levels and corresponding quantitative data of iNOS, Arginase 1 (Arg1), and TREM2 proteins in the hippocampus and left frontal cortex (FrA) of mice 24 hours after MCAO. ( K–N ) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 levels in the left FrA of the brain were detected by ELISA 24 hours after MCAO. Normally distributed parametric data are shown as mean ± SEM ( A and B ), ( E – N ). Data of each animal is also presented n=3 for ( A ) n=5 for ( B ) n=8 for ( J – N ). Normality was confirmed using Shapiro–Wilk tests (all p>0.05), permitting the use of parametric independent two-sample t-tests.

Article Snippet: The PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% skimmed milk for 2 hours, followed by incubation with primary antibodies to anti-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (1:2000; catalog number: A3774, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) (1:2000; catalog number: A23432, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-DARS2 (1:2000; catalog number: A7813, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-P53 (1:50000; catalog number: 10442-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), anti-Arg1 (1:1000; catalog number: WL02825, Wanleibio, China), anti-VEGFA (1:1000; catalog number: 12303, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-BDNF (1:1000; catalog number: ab203573, Abcam, USA) for 14 hours at 4°C.

Techniques: Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Aging Inhibits Emergency Angiogenesis and Exacerbates Neuronal Damage by Downregulating DARS2

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S527147

Figure Lengend Snippet: D-galactose-induced aging microglia exhibit reduced polarization towards M2 after OGD/R, which decreases their ability to stimulate angiogenesis. ( A ) Experimental design. ( B–F ) The relevant results of different concentrations of D-galactose-induced P53 expression in microglia, supernatant ROS, β-galactose staining, and CCK-8 assay. ( G ) The relative levels and corresponding quantitative data of iNOS, Arg1, TREM2, and VEGFA proteins 24 hours after OGD/R. ( H–K ) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 levels in the microglial cell supernatants were detected by ELISA 24 hours after OGD/R. Normally distributed parametric data are shown as mean ± SEM ( B ), ( D – K ). Data of each animal is exhibited n = 5 for ( C ), n = 6 for ( D and F – G ), n = 3 for ( E ), n = 8 for ( G – K ). Normality was confirmed using Shapiro–Wilk tests (all p>0.05), permitting the use of parametric independent two-sample t-tests.

Article Snippet: The PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% skimmed milk for 2 hours, followed by incubation with primary antibodies to anti-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (1:2000; catalog number: A3774, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) (1:2000; catalog number: A23432, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-DARS2 (1:2000; catalog number: A7813, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-P53 (1:50000; catalog number: 10442-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), anti-Arg1 (1:1000; catalog number: WL02825, Wanleibio, China), anti-VEGFA (1:1000; catalog number: 12303, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-BDNF (1:1000; catalog number: ab203573, Abcam, USA) for 14 hours at 4°C.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, CCK-8 Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Aging Inhibits Emergency Angiogenesis and Exacerbates Neuronal Damage by Downregulating DARS2

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S527147

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A and B ) The ability of different groups of microglial cell supernatants to stimulate angiogenesis was tested using the matrix gel tube and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assays. ( C ) Relative levels and corresponding quantitative data of iNOS, Arg1, TREM2, and VEGFA proteins in microglia 24 hours after OGD/R. Normally distributed parametric data are shown as mean ± SEM ( A – C ). Data of each animal is displayed n = 4 for ( A ), n = 3 for ( B ), n = 6 for ( C ). Normality was confirmed using Shapiro–Wilk tests (all p>0.05), permitting the use of parametric independent two-sample t-tests. “*” is defined as P < 0.05, “**” is defined as P < 0.01, “***” is defined as P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% skimmed milk for 2 hours, followed by incubation with primary antibodies to anti-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (1:2000; catalog number: A3774, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) (1:2000; catalog number: A23432, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-DARS2 (1:2000; catalog number: A7813, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-P53 (1:50000; catalog number: 10442-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), anti-Arg1 (1:1000; catalog number: WL02825, Wanleibio, China), anti-VEGFA (1:1000; catalog number: 12303, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), anti-BDNF (1:1000; catalog number: ab203573, Abcam, USA) for 14 hours at 4°C.

Techniques: Membrane